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How To compute Tithi
Many astrologers learn predictive astrology but never learn mathematical branch of astrology known as Siddhanta jyotisha. Here is the brief description of the rule for computing Tithi.
When Sun and Moon are at same Heavenly Longitude, it is New Moon. When they are opposite, it is Full Moon. Moon moves faster, hence it moves 12 degrees ahead of Sun in one tithi, completing 180 degrees with respect to Sun after 15 tithis when it is Full Moon. After 30 tithis, it is again New Moon when Moon is 360 degrees or zero degrees ahead of Sun.
Tithi In Lord Rama's Horoscope and Sun's Longitude
Hence, Navami Tithi means Moon must be at least 96 degrees ahread of Sun but less than 108 degrees ahead of Sun.
In Lord rama's Horoscope, Valmiki Ji mentions that Moon is in Punarvasu Nakshatra which extends from 80 to 93.33333 degrees. But Valmiki Ji also mentions that Moon was in Karka raashi. Hence, Moon was between 90 and 93.33333 degrees. Sun's longitude is NEVER mentioned in Valmiki Ramayana's Sanskrit verses, only some romantic fools have propagated that Sun must be in Mesha because Lord Rama belonged to Suryavamsha ! This type of thinking is against Vedic tradition because Jyotisha is a limb of Veda and the basic rules of Jyotisha cannot be violated.
Sun must be 96 to 108 degrees behind Moon according to the descriptions in Valmiki Ramayana. Since Moon cannot be more than 93.333 deg, substract 96 or 108 and you get Sun in Meena raashi.
Scanned Image of Valmiki Ramayana's Verses On Lord Rama's Horoscope
This is scanned copy of Valmiki Ramayana's verses published by Gitapress of Gorakhpur , in which the Hindi translator has added the name of five exalted planets in brackets but in the Sanskrit verse the names are absent, only "five exalted planets" are mentioned):-
Explanation of Valmiki Ji's Descriptions of Lord Rama's Horoscope
Here is my article on Lord rama's Horoscope posted on 19th Jan 2009 in my old website (I abandoned this website long ago) :-
http://jyotirvidya.wikifoundry.com/page/Lord_Rama_%3A_Dating
Further Elaboration of Lord Rama's Horoscope
Here are some extra points :-
Mercury's exact longitude is nowhere mentioned. But it cannot be far away from Sun, and therefore Mercury was certainly not in Kanya. It may be in Kumbha, Meena or Mesha. So will be Venus.
During Mercury's MD, Kingdom was lost and father died broken hearted. But all other MDs were od exalted planets, hence weakness or Mercury could not affect exalted results during exalted planets.
Mercury is combust when it is less than 12 degrees from Sun around its Superior Conjunction (when it is farthest from Earth), and less than 14 deg from Sun near its Inferior Conjunction (ie, nearest from Earth). Budhaaditya Yoga is strong when Mercury is in same sign but not combust with Sun.
Sun in Meena was in the sign owned by exalted Jupiter, and Venus cannot be far away from Sun and might have been in Meena if exalted. Influence of exalted Jupiter and perhaps of exalted Venus too must have made Sun a benefic as well, and Mercury being in vicinity of such planets could have received the benefits.
Finer Details of Lord Rama's Horoscope According to BPHS
BPHS (Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra) mentions at the end of Dhana-yoga-adhyaaya that all incarnations of Lord Vishnu were born in Devalokaamsha. It means seven out of ten Vargas known as Dashavarga (divisionals) were sva-vargis. Svavargi means Lagnesha (Lagna-lord) must be in own sign, in moola-trikona or exalted. Therefore, in D-1 of Lord Rama Moon must be in Karka, and between 90 degrees and 93.33333 degrees because it was in Punarvasaa according to Valmiki Ji. Dashavarga includes following divisionals : D-1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 30, 60. If Lagna was at 91.66667 deg, then only six vargas can be svavargis : D-1, 3, 4, 7, 12 ,16. If Lagna in increased to around 93.3 deg, even D-12 and D-16 do not remain sva-vargis, ie, their Lagnesha do not remain in Lagna. But if Lagna is above 90 deg but less than 1.25 deg in Karka with its lord either in Karka or in Vrish (in moola-trikona or exalted), then seven vargas are indeed svavargis, D-24 being included. But it is possible only if even sign reversal is used, which is the default setting in Kundalee software for following divisionals : D-2, 7, 9, 10, 16, 20, 24, 27, 30, 60, while modern commentators mention even sign reversal only for D-30, in spite of clear statements in many Sanskrit verses of BPHS. If even sign reversal is not used, D-16 is excluded and only six vargas are svavargis under above conditions, not fulfilling the conditions mentioned by Sage Parashara for Lord rama. It proves that even sign reversal for many divisionals was indeed the correct scheme prescribed by rishis.
Thus, if Lagna is taken as zero deg 37 min 30 sec in Karka, there will uncertainty of only 2.5 minutes in birth time ! this uncertainty can be removed through BTR using events in his life, esp with reference to dashaas of higher divisionals.
Lord Rama is said to have ruled for 11000 years, and with his departure Treta Yuga ended. The extent of Dwapar Yuga is of 864000 years, hence Treta Yuga ended 865000 Saura years before 3101 BC when Kaliyuga started. Going back 11000 years more, Lord Rama's incarnation took place around 875000 Saura Years (or 875021 Julian Years) before the onset of Kaliyuga, ie, on the Shukla navami of first Hindu month of Julian 878122-3 BCE. He was born around 878157-60 years plus minus few years BCE Julian (for banavaasa during Mercury MD and victory at the onset of exalted Ketu's MD). But this computation is not exact, because "eleven thousand years" of his rule might have few decades or few centuries more or less. Therefore, many centuries around this mean date need to be scanned.
VJ